All figures below are estimates, not confirmed totals. Military casualty counts in particular vary widely by source, method and cutoff date; where sources disagree, the range is given rather than a single number.
War duration#
- Russian annexation of Crimea: February–March 2014
- War in Donbas (pre-full-scale invasion): April 2014–February 2022
- Full-scale invasion: began February 24, 2022; as of October 2026, in its fifth year
- Total elapsed time since the conflict’s 2014 origin: 12+ years
Russian military casualties (killed + wounded, unless noted)#
| Source | Estimate |
|---|---|
| Ukraine General Staff (official claim, cumulative, unverified) | 1,572,790 — Oct 22, 2026 |
| Western official estimate (via Russia Matters) | 1,000,000 — Feb 2026 |
| CSIS | 1,200,000, incl. up to 325,000 killed — Jan 2026 |
| UK Ministry of Defence | ~1,168,000 — Dec 2025 |
| Mediazona / BBC (named, confirmed dead only) | 200,000+ — Feb 2026 |
| Meduza / Mediazona (named, confirmed dead only) | 352,000 — May 2026 |
Ukraine’s own daily tally added roughly 1,560–2,250 Russian personnel losses per day in mid-to-late October 2026, which it describes as a new single-day record (2,250, Oct. 22, 2026, versus the prior record of 2,200 set in December 2024). Figures from the Ukrainian government are not independently verifiable and run well above most Western estimates.
Ukrainian military casualties (killed + wounded, unless noted)#
| Source | Estimate |
|---|---|
| Zelenskyy (official, killed only) | 55,000 — Feb 2026 |
| Former senior Western official (killed + wounded) | 250,000–300,000 — Feb 2026 |
| CSIS | 500,000–600,000, incl. 100,000–140,000 killed — Jan 2026 |
| CSIS (updated) | 525,000–625,000 — Jul 2026 |
| Bloomberg / WSJ, citing Western officials | 1,200,000, incl. 325,000 killed — Feb 2026 |
| The Telegraph, citing Western officials | 1,400,000, incl. 500,000 killed — Sep 2026 |
Ukraine’s own official figures are consistently the lowest in the field; most third-party Western estimates place Ukrainian losses well above the government’s public number.
Civilian casualties (OHCHR, Ukraine)#
- Cumulative, Feb 24, 2022–Sep 30, 2026: 17,605 killed, 55,846 injured (actual total likely higher per OHCHR)
- January–September 2026 alone: 2,570 killed, 15,211 wounded
- Deadliest month on record since May 2022: July 2026, 437 killed, 2,610 injured
- September 2026: 328 killed, 2,105 injured — the worst September of the war to date
- Leading cause of civilian casualties (June 2026): long-range missiles and drones, 45% of total
- Second-leading cause (July 2026): glide bombs
Ukraine displacement: internal vs. external#
| Category | Figure |
|---|---|
| Internally displaced (UNHCR) | 3.7 million — Feb 2026 |
| Internally displaced (IOM) | ~3.9 million — Jul 2026 |
| Refugees abroad, global total (UNHCR) | 5.9 million — Feb 2026 |
| Refugees abroad, Europe only (UNHCR) | ~5.2 million — 2026 |
| People inside Ukraine needing humanitarian assistance | 10.8 million — Feb 2026 |
Internal displacement has shifted toward eastern Ukraine as front-line areas there have come under the heaviest pressure.
Russia displacement: internal vs. external#
| Category | Figure |
|---|---|
| Internally displaced by Kursk incursion (Russian ombudsman figure) | 152,000+ — 2024–2025 |
| Evacuated from Kursk/Belgorod fighting (Russian government figure) | ~144,000, incl. 133,000+ Kursk, 11,000+ Belgorod — through 2025 |
| Kursk civilians reported killed, regional prosecutor | 350+ — May 2025 |
| Kursk residents reported missing | 1,174 official / up to 3,000 per families — 2025 |
| Wartime emigrants abroad still outside Russia | ~650,000 — 2025 estimate |
| Total 2022 emigration wave, all causes | ~650,000–800,000 — 2022 |
| Men estimated to have left to avoid conscription | 200,000–800,000, range across sources — 2022–2025 |
| Emigrants who later returned to Russia | ~8% over one year — OutRush study |
Russia’s internal displacement is a narrow, border-region phenomenon tied to one incursion rather than a nationwide pattern; its external movement, by contrast, is large, sustained and still active — emergency emigration-assistance requests reportedly rose eightfold between July and September 2026, though researchers describe the current wave as smaller than 2022’s.
Russian public opinion: who is and isn’t “in the fold”#
| Measure | Figure |
|---|---|
| Support for Russian armed forces’ actions in Ukraine | 72.2% — Feb 2026, down from 75.8% in Jan 2026 |
| Support for continuing the full-scale war | 24% — Mar 2026, lowest recorded |
| Support for peace negotiations | 67% — Mar 2026 |
| Support for peace negotiations (Dec 2025 baseline) | 66.4% — Dec 2025, highest since Levada began tracking in Sep 2022 |
| Belief the war will end in Russian victory | 74% — Jan 2026 |
| Belief the war will end in 2026 | 55% — 2026 poll |
Levada Center is designated a “foreign agent” by Russian authorities; its polls are conducted in-person with roughly 1,600 respondents. Taken together, a majority still backs the military’s actions, but support for continued fighting specifically has fallen to its lowest recorded level, while support for a negotiated end has risen to its highest, alongside sustained outward emigration in the hundreds of thousands.
Sources:
- Russia-Ukraine War Report Card, Oct. 7, 2026, Russia Matters
- Russian losses over past day: 2,250 soldiers killed and wounded, Ukrinform/Pravda
- Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, OHCHR
- 2026 is already the deadliest year for Ukrainian civilians, The Insider
- UKRAINE SITUATION: UNHCR’s 2026 plans and financial requirements
- After a brutal winter, millions of Ukrainians face deepening displacement, UNHCR
- Russia’s 650,000 wartime emigres, The Bell
- Russians leave before election ends, fearing mobilisation, Euronews
- Kursk Governor: 288 civilians killed during Ukraine’s incursion, Moscow Times
- Over 350 killed, nearly 800 missing in Kursk region, Moscow Times
- Levada Center: Conflict with Ukraine in December 2025
- Russian Support for Peace With Ukraine Hits New High, Bloomberg
Featured map: “2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine” by Viewsridge, CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped from the original.